The Aran Islands

The evening before I returned to the west I wrote to Michael—­who had left the islands to earn his living on the mainland—­to tell him that I would call at the house where he lodged the next morning, which was a Sunday.

A young girl with fine western features, and little English, came out when I knocked at the door.  She seemed to have heard all about me, and was so filled with the importance of her message that she could hardly speak it intelligibly.

‘She got your letter,’ she said, confusing the pronouns, as is often done in the west, ’she is gone to Mass, and she’ll be in the square after that.  Let your honour go now and sit in the square, and Michael will find you.’

As I was returning up the main street I met Michael wandering down to meet me, as he had got tired of waiting.

He seemed to have grown a powerful man since I had seen him, and was now dressed in the heavy brown flannels of the Connaught labourer.  After a little talk we turned back together and went out on the sandhills above the town.  Meeting him here a little beyond the threshold of my hotel I was singularly struck with the refinement of his nature, which has hardly been influenced by his new life, and the townsmen and sailors he has met with.

‘I do often come outside the town on Sunday,’ he said while we were talking, ’for what is there to do in a town in the middle of all the people when you are not at your work?’

A little later another Irish-speaking labourer—­a friend of Michael’s—­joined us, and we lay for hours talking and arguing on the grass.  The day was unbearably sultry, and the sand and the sea near us were crowded with half-naked women, but neither of the young men seemed to be aware of their presence.  Before we went back to the town a man came out to ring a young horse on the sand close to where we were lying, and then the interest of my companions was intense.

Late in the evening I met Michael again, and we wandered round the bay, which was still filled with bathing women, until it was quite dark, I shall not see him again before my return from the islands, as he is busy to-morrow, and on Tuesday I go out with the steamer.

I returned to the middle island this morning, in the steamer to Kilronan, and on here in a curagh that had gone over with salt fish.  As I came up from the slip the doorways in the village filled with women and children, and several came down on the roadway to shake hands and bid me a thousand welcomes.

Old Pat Dirane is dead, and several of my friends have gone to America; that is all the news they have to give me after an absence of many months.

When I arrived at the cottage I was welcomed by the old people, and great excitement was made by some little presents I had bought them—­a pair of folding scissors for the old woman, a strop for her husband, and some other trifles.

Then the youngest son, Columb, who is still at home, went into the inner room and brought out the alarm clock I sent them last year when I went away.

‘I am very fond of this clock,’ he said, patting it on the back; ’it will ring for me any morning when I want to go out fishing.  Bedad, there are no two clocks in the island that would be equal to it.’

I had some photographs to show them that I took here last year, and while I was sitting on a little stool near the door of the kitchen, showing them to the family, a beautiful young woman I had spoken to a few times last year slipped in, and after a wonderfully simple and cordial speech of welcome, she sat down on the floor beside me to look on also.

The complete absence of shyness or self-consciousness in most of these people gives them a peculiar charm, and when this young and beautiful woman leaned across my knees to look nearer at some photograph that pleased her, I felt more than ever the strange simplicity of the island life.

Last year when I came here everything was new, and the people were a little strange with me, but now I am familiar with them and their way of life, so that their qualities strike me more forcibly than before.

When my photographs of this island had been examined with immense delight, and every person in them had been identified—­even those who only showed a hand or a leg—­I brought out some I had taken in County Wicklow.  Most of them were fragments, showing fairs in Rathdrum or Aughrim, men cutting turf on the hills, or other scenes of inland life, yet they gave the greatest delight to these people who are wearied of the sea.

This year I see a darker side of life in the islands.  The sun seldom shines, and day after day a cold south-western wind blows over the cliffs, bringing up showers of hail and dense masses of cloud.

The sons who are at home stay out fishing whenever it is tolerably calm, from about three in the morning till after nightfall, yet they earn little, as fish are not plentiful.

The old man fishes also with a long rod and ground-bait, but as a rule has even smaller success.

When the weather breaks completely, fishing is abandoned, and they both go down and dig potatoes in the rain.  The women sometimes help them, but their usual work is to look after the calves and do their spinning in the house.

There is a vague depression over the family this year, because of the two sons who have gone away, Michael to the mainland, and another son, who was working in Kilronan last year, to the United States.

A letter came yesterday from Michael to his mother.  It was written in English, as he is the only one of the family who can read or write in Irish, and I heard it being slowly spelled out and translated as I sat in my room.  A little later the old woman brought it in for me to read.

He told her first about his work, and the wages he is getting.  Then he said that one night he had been walking in the town, and had looked up among the streets, and thought to himself what a grand night it would be on the Sandy Head of this island—­not, he added, that he was feeling lonely or sad.  At the end he gave an account, with the dramatic emphasis of the folk-tale, of how he had met me on the Sunday morning, and, ‘believe me,’ he said, ’it was the fine talk we had for two hours or three.’  He told them also of a knife I had given him that was so fine, no one on the island ’had ever seen the like of her.’

Another day a letter came from the son who is in America, to say that he had had a slight accident to one of his arms, but was well again, and that he was leaving New York and going a few hundred miles up the country.

All the evening afterwards the old woman sat on her stool at the corner of the fire with her shawl over her head, keening piteously to herself.  America appeared far away, yet she seems to have felt that, after all, it was only the other edge of the Atlantic, and now when she hears them talking of railroads and inland cities where there is no sea, things she cannot understand, it comes home to her that her son is gone for ever.  She often tells me how she used to sit on the wall behind the house last year and watch the hooker he worked in coming out of Kilronan and beating up the sound, and what company it used to be to her the time they’d all be out.

The maternal feeling is so powerful on these islands that it gives a life of torment to the women.  Their sons grow up to be banished as soon as they are of age, or to live here in continual danger on the sea; their daughters go away also, or are worn out in their youth with bearing children that grow up to harass them in their own turn a little later.

There has been a storm for the last twenty-four hours, and I have been wandering on the cliffs till my hair is stiff with salt.  Immense masses of spray were flying up from the base of the cliff, and were caught at times by the wind and whirled away to fall at some distance from the shore.  When one of these happened to fall on me, I had to crouch down for an instant, wrapped and blinded by a white hail of foam.

The waves were so enormous that when I saw one more than usually large coming towards me, I turned instinctively to hide myself, as one blinks when struck upon the eyes.

After a few hours the mind grows bewildered with the endless change and struggle of the sea, and an utter despondency replaces the first moment of exhilaration.

At the south-west corner of the island I came upon a number of people gathering the seaweed that is now thick on the rocks.  It was raked from the surf by the men, and then carried up to the brow of the cliff by a party of young girls.

In addition to their ordinary clothing these girls wore a raw sheepskin on their shoulders, to catch the oozing sea-water, and they looked strangely wild and seal-like with the salt caked upon their lips and wreaths of seaweed in their hair.

For the rest of my walk I saw no living thing but one flock of curlews, and a few pipits hiding among the stones.

About the sunset the clouds broke and the storm turned to a hurricane.  Bars of purple cloud stretched across the sound where immense waves were rolling from the west, wreathed with snowy phantasies of spray.  Then there was the bay full of green delirium, and the Twelve Pins touched with mauve and scarlet in the east.

The suggestion from this world of inarticulate power was immense, and now at midnight, when the wind is abating, I am still trembling and flushed with exultation.

I have been walking through the wet lanes in my pampooties in spite of the rain, and I have brought on a feverish cold.

The wind is terrific.  If anything serious should happen to me I might die here and be nailed in my box, and shoved down into a wet crevice in the graveyard before any one could know it on the mainland.

Two days ago a curagh passed from the south island—­they can go out when we are weather-bound because of a sheltered cove in their island—­it was thought in search of the Doctor.  It became too rough afterwards to make the return journey, and it was only this morning we saw them repassing towards the south-east in a terrible sea.

A four-oared curagh with two men in her besides the rowers—­ probably the Priest and the Doctor—­went first, followed by the three-oared curagh from the south island, which ran more danger.  Often when they go for the Doctor in weather like this, they bring the Priest also, as they do not know if it will be possible to go for him if he is needed later.

As a rule there is little illness, and the women often manage their confinements among themselves without any trained assistance.  In most cases all goes well, but at times a curagh is sent off in desperate haste for the Priest and the Doctor when it is too late.

The baby that spent some days here last year is now established in the house; I suppose the old woman has adopted him to console herself for the loss of her own sons.

He is now a well-grown child, though not yet able to say more than a few words of Gaelic.  His favourite amusement is to stand behind the door with a stick, waiting for any wandering pig or hen that may chance to come in, and then to dash out and pursue them.  There are two young kittens in the kitchen also, which he ill-treats, without meaning to do them harm.

Whenever the old woman comes into my room with turf for the fire, he walks in solemnly behind her with a sod under each arm, deposits them on the back of the fire with great care, and then flies off round the corner with his long petticoats trailing behind him.

He has not yet received any official name on the island, as he has not left the fireside, but in the house they usually speak of him as ‘Michaeleen beug’ (i.e. ’little small-Michael’).

Now and then he is slapped, but for the most part the old woman keeps him in order with stories of ‘the long-toothed hag,’ that lives in the Dun and eats children who are not good.  He spends half his day eating cold potatoes and drinking very strong tea, yet seems in perfect health.

An Irish letter has come to me from Michael.  I will translate it literally.

Dear noble person,—­I write this letter with joy and pride that you found the way to the house of my father the day you were on the steamship.  I am thinking there will not be loneliness on you, for there will be the fine beautiful Gaelic League and you will be learning powerfully.

I am thinking there is no one in life walking with you now but your own self from morning till night, and great is the pity.

What way are my mother and my three brothers and my sisters, and do not forget white Michael, and the poor little child and the old grey woman, and Rory.  I am getting a forgetfulness on all my friends and kindred.—­I am your friend ...

It is curious how he accuses himself of forgetfulness after asking for all his family by name.  I suppose the first home-sickness is wearing away and he looks on his independent wellbeing as a treason towards his kindred.

One of his friends was in the kitchen when the letter was brought to me, and, by the old man’s wish, he read it out loud as soon as I had finished it.  When he came to the last sentence he hesitated for a moment, and then omitted it altogether.

This young man had come up to bring me a copy of the ’Love Songs of Connaught,’ which he possesses, and I persuaded him to read, or rather chant me some of them.  When he had read a couple I found that the old woman knew many of them from her childhood, though her version was often not the same as what was in the book.  She was rocking herself on a stool in the chimney corner beside a pot of indigo, in which she was dyeing wool, and several times when the young man finished a poem she took it up again and recited the verses with exquisite musical intonation, putting a wistfulness and passion into her voice that seemed to give it all the cadences that are sought in the profoundest poetry.

The lamp had burned low, and another terrible gale was howling and shrieking over the island.  It seemed like a dream that I should be sitting here among these men and women listening to this rude and beautiful poetry that is filled with the oldest passions of the world.

The horses have been coming back for the last few days from their summer’s grazing in Connemara.  They are landed at the sandy beach where the cattle were shipped last year, and I went down early this morning to watch their arrival through the waves.  The hooker was anchored at some distance from the shore, but I could see a horse standing at the gunnel surrounded by men shouting and flipping at it with bits of rope.  In a moment it jumped over into the sea, and some men, who were waiting for it in a curagh, caught it by the halter and towed it to within twenty yards of the surf.  Then the curagh turned back to the hooker, and the horse was left to make its own way to the land.

As I was standing about a man came up to me and asked after the usual salutations:—­

‘Is there any war in the world at this time, noble person?’ I told him something of the excitement in the Transvaal, and then another horse came near the waves and I passed on and left him.

Afterwards I walked round the edge of the sea to the pier, where a quantity of turf has recently been brought in.  It is usually left for some time stacked on the sandhills, and then carried up to the cottages in panniers slung on donkeys or any horses that are on the island.

They have been busy with it the last few weeks, and the track from the village to the pier has been filled with lines of red-petticoated boys driving their donkeys before them, or cantering down on their backs when the panniers are empty.

In some ways these men and women seem strangely far away from me.  They have the same emotions that I have, and the animals have, yet I cannot talk to them when there is much to say, more than to the dog that whines beside me in a mountain fog.

There is hardly an hour I am with them that I do not feel the shock of some inconceivable idea, and then again the shock of some vague emotion that is familiar to them and to me.  On some days I feel this island as a perfect home and resting place; on other days I feel that I am a waif among the people.  I can feel more with them than they can feel with me, and while I wander among them, they like me sometimes, and laugh at me sometimes, yet never know what I am doing.

In the evenings I sometimes meet with a girl who is not yet half through her teens, yet seems in some ways more consciously developed than any one else that I have met here.  She has passed part of her life on the mainland, and the disillusion she found in Galway has coloured her imagination.

As we sit on stools on either side of the fire I hear her voice going backwards and forwards in the same sentence from the gaiety of a child to the plaintive intonation of an old race that is worn with sorrow.  At one moment she is a simple peasant, at another she seems to be looking out at the world with a sense of prehistoric disillusion and to sum up in the expression of her grey-blue eyes the whole external despondency of the clouds and sea.

Our conversation is usually disjointed.  One evening we talked of a town on the mainland.

‘Ah, it’s a queer place,’ she said:  ’I wouldn’t choose to live in it.  It’s a queer place, and indeed I don’t know the place that isn’t.’

Another evening we talked of the people who live on the island or come to visit it.

‘Father is gone,’ she said; ’he was a kind man but a queer man.  Priests is queer people, and I don’t know who isn’t.’

Then after a long pause she told me with seriousness, as if speaking of a thing that surprised herself, and should surprise me, that she was very fond of the boys.

In our talk, which is sometimes full of the innocent realism of childhood, she is always pathetically eager to say the right thing and be engaging.

One evening I found her trying to light a fire in the little side room of her cottage, where there is an ordinary fireplace.  I went in to help her and showed her how to hold up a paper before the mouth of the chimney to make a draught, a method she had never seen.  Then I told her of men who live alone in Paris and make their own fires that they may have no one to bother them.  She was sitting in a heap on the floor staring into the turf, and as I finished she looked up with surprise.

‘They’re like me so,’ she said; ‘would anyone have thought that!’

Below the sympathy we feel there is still a chasm between us.

‘Musha,’ she muttered as I was leaving her this evening, ’I think it’s to hell you’ll be going by and by.’

Occasionally I meet her also in the kitchen where young men go to play cards after dark and a few girls slip in to share the amusement.  At such times her eyes shine in the light of the candles, and her cheeks flush with the first tumult of youth, till she hardly seems the same girl who sits every evening droning to herself over the turf.

A branch of the Gaelic League has been started here since my last visit, and every Sunday afternoon three little girls walk through the village ringing a shrill hand-bell, as a signal that the women’s meeting is to be held,—­here it would be useless to fix an hour, as the hours are not recognized.

Soon afterwards bands of girls—­of all ages from five to twenty-five—­begin to troop down to the schoolhouse in their reddest Sunday petticoats.  It is remarkable that these young women are willing to spend their one afternoon of freedom in laborious studies of orthography for no reason but a vague reverence for the Gaelic.  It is true that they owe this reverence, or most of it, to the influence of some recent visitors, yet the fact that they feel such an influence so keenly is itself of interest.

In the older generation that did not come under the influence of the recent language movement, I do not see any particular affection for Gaelic.  Whenever they are able, they speak English to their children, to render them more capable of making their way in life.  Even the young men sometimes say to me—­

’There’s very hard English on you, and I wish to God I had the like of it.’

The women are the great conservative force in this matter of the language.  They learn a little English in school and from their parents, but they rarely have occasion to speak with any one who is not a native of the islands, so their knowledge of the foreign tongue remains rudimentary.  In my cottage I have never heard a word of English from the women except when they were speaking to the pigs or to the dogs, or when the girl was reading a letter in English.  Women, however, with a more assertive temperament, who have had, apparently, the same opportunities, often attain a considerable fluency, as is the case with one, a relative of the old woman of the house, who often visits here.

In the boys’ school, where I sometimes look in, the children surprise me by their knowledge of English, though they always speak in Irish among themselves.  The school itself is a comfortless building in a terribly bleak position.  In cold weather the children arrive in the morning with a sod of turf tied up with their books, a simple toll which keeps the fire well supplied, yet, I believe, a more modern method is soon to be introduced.

I am in the north island again, looking out with a singular sensation to the cliffs across the sound.  It is hard to believe that those hovels I can just see in the south are filled with people whose lives have the strange quality that is found in the oldest poetry and legend.  Compared with them the falling off that has come with the increased prosperity of this island is full of discouragement.  The charm which the people over there share with the birds and flowers has been replaced here by the anxiety of men who are eager for gain.  The eyes and expression are different, though the faces are the same, and even the children here seem to have an indefinable modern quality that is absent from the men of Inishmaan.

My voyage from the middle island was wild.  The morning was so stormy, that in ordinary circumstances I would not have attempted the passage, but as I had arranged to travel with a curagh that was coming over for the Parish Priest—­who is to hold stations on Inishmaan—­I did not like to draw back.

I went out in the morning and walked up the cliffs as usual.  Several men I fell in with shook their heads when I told them I was going away, and said they doubted if a curagh could cross the sound with the sea that was in it.

When I went back to the cottage I found the Curate had just come across from the south island, and had had a worse passage than any he had yet experienced.

The tide was to turn at two o’clock, and after that it was thought the sea would be calmer, as the wind and the waves would be running from the same point.  We sat about in the kitchen all the morning, with men coming in every few minutes to give their opinion whether the passage should be attempted, and at what points the sea was likely to be at its worst.

At last it was decided we should go, and I started for the pier in a wild shower of rain with the wind howling in the walls.  The schoolmaster and a priest who was to have gone with me came out as I was passing through the village and advised me not to make the passage; but my crew had gone on towards the sea, and I thought it better to go after them.  The eldest son of the family was coming with me, and I considered that the old man, who knew the waves better than I did, would not send out his son if there was more than reasonable danger.

I found my crew waiting for me under a high wall below the village, and we went on together.  The island had never seemed so desolate.  Looking out over the black limestone through the driving rain to the gulf of struggling waves, an indescribable feeling of dejection came over me.

The old man gave me his view of the use of fear.

‘A man who is not afraid of the sea will soon be drowned,’ he said, ’for he will be going out on a day he shouldn’t.  But we do be afraid of the sea, and we do only be drownded now and again.’

A little crowd of neighbours had collected lower down to see me off, and as we crossed the sandhills we had to shout to each other to be heard above the wind.

The crew carried down the curagh and then stood under the lee of the pier tying on their hats with strings and drawing on their oilskins.

They tested the braces of the oars, and the oarpins, and everything in the curagh with a care I had not seen them give to anything, then my bag was lifted in, and we were ready.  Besides the four men of the crew a man was going with us who wanted a passage to this island.  As he was scrambling into the bow, an old man stood forward from the crowd.

‘Don’t take that man with you,’ he said.  ’Last week they were taking him to Clare and the whole lot of them were near drownded.  Another day he went to Inisheer and they broke three ribs of the curagh, and they coming back.  There is not the like of him for ill-luck in the three islands.’

‘The divil choke your old gob,’ said the man, ‘you will be talking.’

We set off.  It was a four-oared curagh, and I was given the last seat so as to leave the stern for the man who was steering with an oar, worked at right angles to the others by an extra thole-pin in the stern gunnel.

When we had gone about a hundred yards they ran up a bit of a sail in the bow and the pace became extraordinarily rapid.

The shower had passed over and the wind had fallen, but large, magnificently brilliant waves were rolling down on us at right angles to our course.

Every instant the steersman whirled us round with a sudden stroke of his oar, the prow reared up and then fell into the next furrow with a crash, throwing up masses of spray.  As it did so, the stern in its turn was thrown up, and both the steersman, who let go his oar and clung with both hands to the gunnel, and myself, were lifted high up above the sea.

The wave passed, we regained our course and rowed violently for a few yards, then the same manoeuvre had to be repeated.  As we worked out into the sound we began to meet another class of waves, that could be seen for some distance towering above the rest.

When one of these came in sight, the first effort was to get beyond its reach.  The steersman began crying out in Gaelic, ’Siubhal, siubhal’ (’Run, run’), and sometimes, when the mass was gliding towards us with horrible speed, his voice rose to a shriek.  Then the rowers themselves took up the cry, and the curagh seemed to leap and quiver with the frantic terror of a beast till the wave passed behind it or fell with a crash beside the stern.

It was in this racing with the waves that our chief danger lay.  If the wave could be avoided, it was better to do so, but if it overtook us while we were trying to escape, and caught us on the broadside, our destruction was certain.  I could see the steersman quivering with the excitement of his task, for any error in his judgment would have swamped us.

We had one narrow escape.  A wave appeared high above the rest, and there was the usual moment of intense exertion.  It was of no use, and in an instant the wave seemed to be hurling itself upon us.  With a yell of rage the steersman struggled with his oar to bring our prow to meet it.  He had almost succeeded, when there was a crash and rush of water round us.  I felt as if I had been struck upon the back with knotted ropes.  White foam gurgled round my knees and eyes.  The curagh reared up, swaying and trembling for a moment, and then fell safely into the furrow.

This was our worst moment, though more than once, when several waves came so closely together that we had no time to regain control of the canoe between them, we had some dangerous work.  Our lives depended upon the skill and courage of the men, as the life of the rider or swimmer is often in his own hands, and the excitement was too great to allow time for fear.

I enjoyed the passage.  Down in this shallow trough of canvas that bent and trembled with the motion of the men, I had a far more intimate feeling of the glory and power of the waves than I have ever known in a steamer.

Old Mourteen is keeping me company again, and I am now able to understand the greater part of his Irish.

He took me out to-day to show me the remains of some cloghauns, or beehive dwellings, that are left near the central ridge of the island.  After I had looked at them we lay down in the corner of a little field, filled with the autumn sunshine and the odour of withering flowers, while he told me a long folk-tale which took more than an hour to narrate.

He is so blind that I can gaze at him without discourtesy, and after a while the expression of his face made me forget to listen, and I lay dreamily in the sunshine letting the antique formulas of the story blend with the suggestions from the prehistoric masonry I lay on.  The glow of childish transport that came over him when he reached the nonsense ending—­so common in these tales—­recalled me to myself, and I listened attentively while he gabbled with delighted haste:  ’They found the path and I found the puddle.  They were drowned and I was found.  If it’s all one to me tonight, it wasn’t all one to them the next night.  Yet, if it wasn’t itself, not a thing did they lose but an old back tooth ’—­or some such gibberish.

As I led him home through the paths he described to me—­it is thus we get along—­lifting him at times over the low walls he is too shaky to climb, he brought the conversation to the topic they are never weary of—­my views on marriage.

He stopped as we reached the summit of the island, with the stretch of the Atlantic just visible behind him.

‘Whisper, noble person,’ he began, ’do you never be thinking on the young girls?  The time I was a young man, the devil a one of them could I look on without wishing to marry her.’

‘Ah, Mourteen,’ I answered, ’it’s a great wonder you’d be asking me.  What at all do you think of me yourself?’

’Bedad, noble person, I’m thinking it’s soon you’ll be getting married.  Listen to what I’m telling you:  a man who is not married is no better than an old jackass.  He goes into his sister’s house, and into his brother’s house; he eats a bit in this place and a bit in another place, but he has no home for himself like an old jackass straying on the rocks.’

I have left Aran.  The steamer had a more than usually heavy cargo, and it was after four o’clock when we sailed from Kilronan.

Again I saw the three low rocks sink down into the sea with a moment of inconceivable distress.  It was a clear evening, and as we came out into the bay the sun stood like an aureole behind the cliffs of Inishmaan.  A little later a brilliant glow came over the sky, throwing out the blue of the sea and of the hills of Connemara.

When it was quite dark, the cold became intense, and I wandered about the lonely vessel that seemed to be making her own way across the sea.  I was the only passenger, and all the crew, except one boy who was steering, were huddled together in the warmth of the engine-room.

Three hours passed, and no one stirred.  The slowness of the vessel and the lamentation of the cold sea about her sides became almost unendurable.  Then the lights of Galway came in sight, and the crew appeared as we beat up slowly to the quay.

Once on shore I had some difficulty in finding any one to carry my baggage to the railway.  When I found a man in the darkness and got my bag on his shoulders, he turned out to be drunk, and I had trouble to keep him from rolling from the wharf with all my possessions.  He professed to be taking me by a short cut into the town, but when we were in the middle of a waste of broken buildings and skeletons of ships he threw my bag on the ground and sat down on it.

‘It’s real heavy she is, your honour,’ he said; ’I’m thinking it’s gold there will be in it.’

‘Divil a hap’worth is there in it at all but books,’ I answered him in Gaelic.

‘Bedad, is mor an truaghe’ (’It’s a big pity’), he said; ’if it was gold was in it it’s the thundering spree we’d have together this night in Galway.’

In about half an hour I got my luggage once more on his back, and we made our way into the city.

Later in the evening I went down towards the quay to look for Michael.  As I turned into the narrow street where he lodges, some one seemed to be following me in the shadow, and when I stopped to find the number of his house I heard the ‘Failte’ (Welcome) of Inishmaan pronounced close to me.

It was Michael.

‘I saw you in the street,’ he said, ’but I was ashamed to speak to you in the middle of the people, so I followed you the way I’d see if you’d remember me.’

We turned back together and walked about the town till he had to go to his lodgings.  He was still just the same, with all his old simplicity and shrewdness; but the work he has here does not agree with him, and he is not contented.

It was the eve of the Parnell celebration in Dublin, and the town was full of excursionists waiting for a train which was to start at midnight.  When Michael left me I spent some time in an hotel, and then wandered down to the railway.

A wild crowd was on the platform, surging round the train in every stage of intoxication.  It gave me a better instance than I had yet seen of the half-savage temperament of Connaught.  The tension of human excitement seemed greater in this insignificant crowd than anything I have felt among enormous mobs in Rome or Paris.

There were a few people from the islands on the platform, and I got in along with them to a third-class carriage.  One of the women of the party had her niece with her, a young girl from Connaught who was put beside me; at the other end of the carriage there were some old men who were talking Irish, and a young man who had been a sailor.

When the train started there were wild cheers and cries on the platform, and in the train itself the noise was intense; men and women shrieking and singing and beating their sticks on the partitions.  At several stations there was a rush to the bar, so the excitement increased as we proceeded.

At Ballinasloe there were some soldiers on the platform looking for places.  The sailor in our compartment had a dispute with one of them, and in an instant the door was flung open and the compartment was filled with reeling uniforms and sticks.  Peace was made after a moment of uproar and the soldiers got out, but as they did so a pack of their women followers thrust their bare heads and arms into the doorway, cursing and blaspheming with extraordinary rage.

As the train moved away a moment later, these women set up a frantic lamentation.  I looked out and caught a glimpse of the wildest heads and figures I have ever seen, shrieking and screaming and waving their naked arms in the light of the lanterns.

As the night went on girls began crying out in the carriage next us, and I could hear the words of obscene songs when the train stopped at a station.

In our own compartment the sailor would allow no one to sleep, and talked all night with sometimes a touch of wit or brutality and always with a beautiful fluency with wild temperament behind it.

The old men in the corner, dressed in black coats that had something of the antiquity of heirlooms, talked all night among themselves in Gaelic.  The young girl beside me lost her shyness after a while, and let me point out the features of the country that were beginning to appear through the dawn as we drew nearer Dublin.  She was delighted with the shadows of the trees—­trees are rare in Connaught—­and with the canal, which was beginning to reflect the morning light.  Every time I showed her some new shadow she cried out with naive excitement—­

‘Oh, it’s lovely, but I can’t see it.’

This presence at my side contrasted curiously with the brutality that shook the barrier behind us.  The whole spirit of the west of Ireland, with its strange wildness and reserve, seemed moving in this single train to pay a last homage to the dead statesman of the east.