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Browning's Shorter Poems

Robert Browning
CALIBAN UPON SETEBOS;

NATURAL THEOLOGY IN THE ISLAND

AN EPISTLE >

“Thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an one as thyself.”

[’Will sprawl, now that the heat of day is best,
Flat on his belly in the pit’s much mire,
With elbows wide, fists clenched to prop his chin,
And, while he kicks both feet in the cool slush,
And feels about his spine small eft-things course,
Run in and out each arm, and make him laugh: 
And while above his head a pompion-plant,
Coating the cave-top as a brow its eye,
Creeps down to touch and tickle hair and beard,
And now a flower drops with a bee inside, 10
And now a fruit to snap at, catch and crunch,—­
He looks out o’er yon sea which sunbeams cross
And recross till they weave a spider-web,
(Meshes of fire, some great fish breaks at times)
And talks, to his own self, howe’er he please,
Touching that other, whom his dam called God. 
Because to talk about Him, vexes—­ha,
Could He but know! and time to vex is now,
When talk is safer than in winter-time. 
Moreover Prosper and Miranda sleep 20
In confidence, he drudges at their task,
And it is good to cheat the pair, and gibe,
Letting the rank tongue blossom into speech.]

Setebos, Setebos, and Setebos! 
‘Thinketh, He dwelleth i’ the cold o’ the moon.

’Thinketh He made it, with the sun to match,
But not the stars; the stars came otherwise;
Only made clouds, winds, meteors, such as that: 
Also this isle, what lives and grows thereon,
And snaky sea which rounds and ends the same. 30

’Thinketh, it came of being ill at ease: 
He hated that He cannot change His cold,
Nor cure its ache.  ’Hath spied an icy fish
That longed to ’scape the rock-stream where she lived,
And thaw herself within the lukewarm brine
O’ the lazy sea her stream thrusts far amid,
A crystal spike ’twixt two warm walls of wave;
Only, she ever sickened, found repulse
At the other kind of water, not her life,
(Green-dense and dim-delicious, bred o’ the sun) 40
Flounced back from bliss she was not born to breathe,
And in her old bounds buried her despair,
Hating and loving warmth alike:  so He.

’Thinketh, He made thereat the sun, this isle,
Trees and the fowls here, beast and creeping thing. 
Yon otter, sleek-wet, black, lithe as a leech;
Yon auk, one fire-eye in a ball of foam,
That floats and feeds; a certain badger brown,
He hath watched hunt with that slant white-wedge eye
By moonlight; and the pie with the long tongue 50
That pricks deep into oakwarts for a worm,
And says a plain word when she finds her prize,
But will not eat the ants; the ants themselves
That build a wall of seeds and settled stalks
About their hole—­He made all these and more,
Made all we see, and us, in spite:  how else? 
He could not, Himself, make a second self
To be His mate:  as well have made Himself: 
He would not make what He mislikes or slights,
An eyesore to Him, or not worth His pains; 60
But did, in envy, listlessness, or sport,
Make what Himself would fain, in a manner, be—­
Weaker in most points, stronger in a few,
Worthy, and yet mere playthings all the while,
Things He admires and mocks too,—­that is it! 
Because, so brave, so better tho’ they be,
It nothing skills if He begin to plague. 
Look now, I melt a gourd-fruit into mash,
Add honeycomb and pods, I have perceived,
Which bite like finches when they bill and kiss,—­ 70
Then, when froth rises bladdery, drink up all,
Quick, quick, till maggots scamper thro’ my brain;
Last, throw me on my back i’ the seeded thyme. 
And wanton, wishing I were born a bird. 
Put case, unable to be what I wish,
I yet could make a live bird out of clay: 
Would not I take clay, pinch my Caliban
Able to fly?—­for there, see, he hath wings,
And great comb like the hoopoe’s to admire,
And there, a sting to do his foes offence, 80
There, and I will that he begin to live,
Fly to yon rock-top, nip me off the horns
Of grigs high up that make the merry din,
Saucy thro’ their veined wings, and mind me not. 
In which feat, if his leg snapped, brittle clay,
And he lay stupid-like,—­why, I should laugh;
And if he, spying me, should fall to weep,
Beseech me to be good, repair his wrong,
Bid his poor leg smart less or grow again,—­
Well, as the chance were, this might take or else 90
Not take my fancy:  I might hear his cry,
And give the mankin three sound legs for one,
Or pluck the other off, leave him like an egg,
And lessoned he was mine and merely clay. 
Were this no pleasure, lying in the thyme,
Drinking the mash, with brain become alive,
Making and marring clay at will?  So He.

’Thinketh such shows nor right nor wrong in Him,
Nor kind, nor cruel:  He is strong and Lord. 
’Am strong myself compared to yonder crabs 100
That march now from the mountain to the sea;
’Let twenty pass, and stone the twenty-first,
Loving not, hating not, just choosing so. 
’Say, the first straggler that boasts purple spots
Shall join the file, one pincer twisted off;
’Say, this bruised fellow shall receive a worm. 
And two worms he whose nippers end in red: 
As it likes me each time, I do:  so He.

Well then, ‘supposeth He is good i’ the main,
Placable if His mind and ways were guessed, 110
But rougher than His handiwork, be sure! 
Oh, He hath made things worthier than Himself,
And envieth that, so helped, such things do more
Than He who made them!  What consoles but this? 
That they, unless thro’ Him, do naught at all,
And must submit:  what other use in things? 
’Hath cut a pipe of pithless elder-joint
That, blown through, gives exact the scream o’ the jay
When from her wing you twitch the feathers blue;
Sound this, and little birds that hate the jay 120
Flock within stone’s throw, glad their foe is hurt: 
Put case such pipe could prattle and boast forsooth
“I catch the birds, I am the crafty thing,
I make the cry my maker cannot make
With his great round mouth; he must blow thro’ mine!”
Would not I smash it with my foot?  So He.

But wherefore rough, why cold and ill at ease? 
Aha, that is a question!  Ask, for that,
What knows,—­the something over Setebos
That made Him, or He, may be, found and fought, 130
Worsted, drove off and did to nothing, perchance. 
There may be something quiet o’er His head,
Out of His reach, that feels nor joy nor grief,
Since both derive from weakness in some way. 
I joy because the quails come; would not joy
Could I bring quails here when I have a mind: 
This Quiet, all it hath a mind to, doth. 
’Esteemeth stars the outposts of its couch,
But never spends much thought nor care that way. 
It may look up, work up,—­the worse for those 140
It works on!  ’Careth but for Setebos
The many-handed as a cuttle-fish,
Who, making Himself feared thro’ what He does,
Looks up, first, and perceives he cannot soar
To what is quiet and hath happy life;
Next looks down here, and out of very spite
Makes this a bauble-world to ape yon real,
These good things to match those as hips do grapes. 
’Tis solace making baubles, ay, and sport. 
Himself peeped late, eyed Prosper at his books 150
Careless and lofty, lord now of the isle: 
Vexed, ’stitched a book of broad leaves, arrow-shaped,
Wrote thereon, he knows what, prodigious words;
Has peeled a wand and called it by a name;
Weareth at whiles for an enchanter’s robe
The eyed skin of a supple oncelot;
And hath an ounce sleeker than youngling mole,
A four-legged serpent he makes cower and couch,
Now snarl, now hold its breath and mind his eye,
And saith she is Miranda and my wife:  160
’Keeps for his Ariel a tall pouch-bill crane
He bids go wade for fish and straight disgorge;
Also a sea-beast, lumpish, which he snared,
Blinded the eyes of, and brought somewhat tame,
And split its toe-webs, and now pens the drudge
In a hole o’ the rock, and calls him Caliban;
A bitter heart that bides its time and bites. 
’Plays thus at being Prosper in a way,
Taketh his mirth with make-believes:  so He.

His dam held that the Quiet made all things 170
Which Setebos vexed only:  ’holds not so. 
Who made them weak, meant weakness He might vex. 
Had He meant other, while His hand was in,
Why not make horny eyes no thorn could prick,
Or plate my scalp with bone against the snow,
Or overscale my flesh ’neath joint and joint,
Like an orc’s armour?  Ay,—­so spoil His sport! 
He is the One now:  only He doth all.

’Saith, He may like, perchance, what profits Him. 
Ay, himself loves what does him good; but why? 180
’Gets good no otherwise.  This blinded beast
Loves whoso places flesh-meat on his nose. 
But, had he eyes, would want no help, but hate
Or love, just as it liked him:  He hath eyes. 
Also it pleaseth Setebos to work,
Use all His hands, and exercise much craft,
By no means for the love of what is worked. 
‘Tasteth, himself, no finer good i’ the world
When all goes right, in this safe summer-time,
And he wants little, hungers, aches not much, 190
Than trying what to do with wit and strength. 
’Falls to make something; ’piled yon pile of turfs,
And squared and stuck there squares of soft white chalk,
And, with a fish-tooth, scratched a moon on each,
And set up endwise certain spikes of tree,
And crowned the whole with a sloth’s skull a-top,
Found dead i’ the woods, too hard for one to kill. 
No use at all i’ the work, for work’s sole sake;
’Shall some day knock it down again:  so He.

’Saith He is terrible:  watch His feats in proof! 200
One hurricane will spoil six good months’ hope. 
He hath a spite against me, that I know. 
Just as He favours Prosper, who knows why? 
So it is, all the same, as well I find. 
’Wove wattles half the winter, fenced them firm
With stone and stake to stop she-tortoises
Crawling to lay their eggs here:  well, one wave,
Feeling the foot of Him upon its neck,
Gaped as a snake does, lolled out its large tongue,
And licked the whole labour flat; so much for spite! 210
’Saw a ball flame down late (yonder it lies)
Where, half an hour before, I slept i’ the shade: 
Often they scatter sparkles:  there is force! 
’Dug up a newt He may have envied once
And turned to stone, shut up inside a stone. 
Please Him and hinder this?—­What Prosper does? 
Aha, if he would tell me how!  Not he! 
There is the sport:  discover how or die! 
All need not die, for of the things o’ the isle
Some flee afar, some dive, some run up trees; 220
Those at His mercy,—­why, they please Him most
When … when … well, never try the same way twice! 
Repeat what act has pleased, He may grow wroth. 
You must not know His ways, and play Him off,
Sure of the issue.  ’Doth the like himself: 
’Spareth a squirrel that it nothing fears
But steals the nut from underneath my thumb,
And when I threat, bites stoutly in defence: 
’Spareth an urchin that contrariwise,
Curls up into a ball, pretending death 230
For fright at my approach:  the two ways please. 
But what would move my choler more than this,
That either creature counted on its life
To-morrow, next day and all days to come,
Saying forsooth in the inmost of its heart,
“Because he did so yesterday with me,
And otherwise with such another brute,
So must he do henceforth and always.”  Ay? 
’Would teach the reasoning couple what “must” means! 
’Doth as he likes, or wherefore Lord?  So He. 240

’Conceiveth all things will continue thus,
And we shall have to live in fear of Him
So long as He lives, keeps His strength:  no change,
If He have done His best, make no new world
To please Him more, so leave off watching this,—­
If He surprise not even the Quiet’s self
Some strange day,—­or, suppose, grow into it
As grubs grow butterflies:  else, here are we,
And there is He, and nowhere help at all.

’Believeth with the life the pain shall stop. 250
His dam held different, that after death
He both plagued enemies and feasted friends: 
Idly!  He doth His worst in this our life,
Giving just respite lest we die thro’ pain,
Saving last pain for worst,—­with which, an end. 
Meanwhile, the best way to escape His Ire
Is, not to seem too happy.  ’Sees, himself,
Yonder two flies, with purple films and pink,
Bask on the pompion-bell above:  kills both. 
’Sees two black painful beetles roll their ball 260
On head and tail as if to save their lives: 
’Moves them the stick away they strive to clear.

Even so, ’would have him misconceive, suppose
This Caliban strives hard and ails no less,
And always, above all else, envies Him;
Wherefore he mainly dances on dark nights,
Moans in the sun, gets under holes to laugh,
And never speaks his mind save housed as now: 
Outside, ’groans, curses.  If He caught me here,
O’erheard this speech, and asked “What chucklest at?” 270
’Would to appease Him, cut a finger off,
Or of my three kid yearlings burn the best,
Or let the toothsome apples rot on tree,
Or push my tame beast for the orc to taste: 
While myself lit a fire, and made a song
And sung it, “What I hate, be consecrate
To celebrate Thee and Thy state, no mate
For Thee; what see for envy in poor me?”

Hoping the while, since evils sometimes mend,
Warts rub away and sores are cured with slime, 280
That some strange day, will either the Quiet catch
And conquer Setebos, or likelier He
Decrepit may doze, doze, as good as die.

[What, what?  A curtain o’er the world at once! 
Crickets stop hissing; not a bird—­or, yes,
There scuds His raven, that hath told Him all! 
It was fool’s play, this prattling!  Ha!  The wind
Shoulders the pillared dust, death’s house o’ the move,
And fast invading fires begin!  White blaze—­
A tree’s head snaps—­and there, there, there, there, there, 290
His thunder follows!  Fool to gibe at Him! 
So!  ’Lieth flat and loveth Setebos! 
‘Maketh his teeth meet thro’ his upper lip,
Will let those quails fly, will not eat this month
One little mess of whelks, so he may ’scape!]

* * * *

“CHILDE ROLAND TO THE DARK TOWER CAME

(See Edgar’s song in “Lear.”)

My first thought was, he lied in every word,
  That hoary cripple, with malicious eye
  Askance to watch the working of his lie
On mine, and mouth scarce able to afford
Suppression° of the glee, that pursed and scored °5
  Its edge, at one more victim gained thereby.

What else should he be set for, with his staff? 
  What, save to waylay with his lies, ensnare
  All travellers who might find him posted there,
And ask the road?  I guessed what skull-like laugh 10
Would break, what crutch ’gin write° my epitaph °11
  For pastime in the dusty thoroughfare,

If at his counsel I should turn aside
  Into that ominous tract which, all agree,
  Hides the Dark Tower.  Yet acquiescingly
I did turn as he pointed:  neither pride
Nor hope rekindling at the end descried. 
  So much as gladness that some end might be.

For, what with my whole world-wide wandering,
  What, with my search drawn out thro’ years, my hope 20
  Dwindled into a ghost not fit to cope
With that obstreperous joy success would bring,—­
I hardly tried now to rebuke the spring
  My heart made, finding failure in its scope.

As when a sick man very near to death
  Seems dead indeed, and feels begin and end
  The tears, and takes the farewell of each friend,
And hears one bid the other go, draw breath
Freelier outside, (“since all is o’er,” he saith,
  “And the blow fallen no grieving can amend;”) 30

While some discuss if near the other graves
  Be room enough for this, and when a day
  Suits best for carrying the corpse away,
With care about the banners, scarves, and staves: 
And still the man hears all, and only craves
  He may not shame such tender love and stay.

Thus, I had so long suffered in this quest,
  Heard failure prophesied so oft, been writ
  So many times among “The Band”—­to wit,
The knights who to the Dark Tower’s search addressed 40
Their steps—­that just to fail as they, seemed best,
  And all the doubt was now—­should I be fit?

So, quiet as despair, I turned from him,
  That hateful cripple, out of his highway
  Into the path he pointed.  All the day
Had been a dreary one at best, and dim
Was settling to its close, yet shot one grim
  Red leer to see the plain catch its estray.° °48

For mark! no sooner was I fairly found
  Pledged to the plain, after a pace or two, 50
  Than, pausing to throw backward a last view
O’er the safe road, ’twas gone; gray plain all round: 
Nothing but plain to the horizon’s bound,
  I might go on; naught else remained to do.

So, on I went.  I think I never saw
  Such starved ignoble nature; nothing throve: 
  For flowers—­as well expect a cedar grove! 
But cockle, spurge, according to their law
Might propagate their kind, with none to awe,
  You’d think; a burr had been a treasure trove. 60

No! penury, inertness, and grimace,
  In some strange sort, were the land’s portion.  “See
  Or shut your eyes,” said Nature peevishly,
“It nothing skills:  I cannot help my case: 
’Tis the Last Judgment’s fire must cure this place,
  Calcine its clods and set my prisoners° free.” °66

If there pushed any ragged thistle-stalk
  Above its mates, the head was chopped; the bents° °68
  Were jealous else.  What made those holes and rents
In the dock’s harsh swarth leaves, bruised as° to balk 70
All hope of greenness? ’tis a brute must walk
  Pashing their life out, with a brute’s intents.

As for the grass, it grew as scant as hair
  In leprosy; thin dry blades pricked the mud
  Which underneath looked kneaded up with blood. 
One stiff blind horse, his every bone a-stare,
Stood stupefied, however he came there: 
  Thrust out past service from the devil’s stud!

Alive? he might be dead for aught I know,
  With that red gaunt and colloped neck a-strain, 80
  And shut eyes underneath the rusty mane;
Seldom went such grotesqueness with such woe;
I never saw a brute I hated so;
  He must be wicked to deserve such pain.

I shut my eyes and turned them on my heart. 
  As a man calls for wine before he fights,
  I asked one draught of earlier, happier sights,
Ere fitly I could hope to play my part. 
Think first, fight afterwards—­the soldier’s art: 
  One taste of the old time sets all to rights. 90

Not it°!  I fancied Cuthbert’s reddening face °91
  Beneath its garniture of curly gold,
  Dear fellow, till I almost felt him fold
An arm in mine to fix me to the place,
That way he used.  Alas, one night’s disgrace! 
  Out went my heart’s new fire and left it cold.

Giles then, the soul of honour—­there he stands
  Frank as ten years ago when knighted first. 
  What honest man should dare (he said) he durst. 
Good—­but the scene shifts—­faugh! what hangman hands 100
Pin to his breast a parchment?  His own bands
  Read it.  Poor traitor, spit upon and curst!

Better this present than a past like that;
  Back therefore to my darkening path again! 
  No sound, no sight so far as eye could strain. 
Will the night send a howlet° or a bat? °106
I asked:  when something on the dismal flat
  Came to arrest my thoughts and change their train.

A sudden little river crossed my path
  As unexpected as a serpent comes. 110
  No sluggish tide congenial to the glooms;
This, as it frothed by, might have been a bath
For the fiend’s glowing hoof—­to see the wrath
  Of its black eddy bespate° with flakes and spumes. °114

So petty, yet so spiteful!  All along,
  Low scrubby alders kneeled down over it;
  Drenched willows flung them headlong in a fit
Of mute despair, a suicidal throng: 
The river which had done them all the wrong,
  Whate’er that was, rolled by, deterred no whit. 120

Which, while I forded,—­good saints, how I feared
  To set my foot upon a dead man’s cheek,
  Each step, or feel the spear I thrust to seek
For hollows, tangled in his hair or beard! 
—­It may have been a water-rat I speared,
  But, ugh! it sounded like a baby’s shriek.

Glad was I when I reached the other bank. 
  Now for a better country.  Vain presage! 
  Who were the strugglers, what war did they wage
Whose savage trample thus could pad the dank 130
Soil to a plash?  Toads in a poisoned tank,
  Or wild cats in a red-hot iron cage—­

The fight must so have seemed in that fell cirque.° °133
  What penned them there, with all the plain, to choose? 
  No foot-print leading to that horrid mews,
None out of it.  Mad brewage set to work
Their brains, no doubt, like galley-slaves the Turk° °137
  Pits for his pastime, Christians against Jews.

And more than that—­a furlong on—­why, there! 
  What bad use was that engine° for, that wheel, °140
  Or brake, not wheel—­that harrow fit to reel
Men’s bodies out like silk? with all the air
Of Tophet’s° tool, on earth left unaware, °143
  Or brought to sharpen its rusty teeth of steel.

Then came a bit of stubbed ground, once a wood,
  Next a marsh, it would seem, and now mere earth
  Desperate and done with; (so a fool finds mirth,
Makes a thing and then mars it, till his mood
Changes, and off he goes!) within a rood—­
  Bog, clay, and rubble, sand, and stark black dearth. 150

Now blotches rankling, coloured gay and grim,
  Now patches where some leanness of the soil’s
  Broke into moss or substances like boils;
Then came some palsied oak, a cleft in him
Like a distorted mouth that splits its rim
  Gaping at death, and dies while it recoils.

And just as far as ever from the end,
  Naught in the distance but the evening, naught
  To point my footstep further!  At the thought,
A great black bird, Apollyon’s° bosom-friend, °160
Sailed past, nor beat his wide wing dragon-penned
  That brushed my cap—­perchance the guide I sought.

For, looking up, aware I somehow grew,
  ’Spite of the dusk, the plain had given place
  All round to mountains—­with such name to grace
Mere ugly heights and heaps now stolen in view. 
How thus they had surprised me,—­solve it, you! 
  How to get from them was no clearer case.

Yet half I seemed to recognize some trick
  Of mischief happened to me, Gods knows when—­ 170
  In a bad dream, perhaps.  Here ended, then,
Progress this way.  When, in the very nick
Of giving up, one time more, came a click
  As when a trap shuts—­you’re inside the den.

Burningly it came on me all at once,
  This was the place! those two hills on the right,
  Crouched like two bulls locked horn in horn in fight;
While, to the left, a tall scalped mountain …  Dunce,
Dotard, a-dozing at the very nonce,
  After a life spent training for the sight! 180

What in the midst lay but the Tower itself? 
  The round squat turret, blind as the fool’s heart,
  Built of brown stone, without a counterpart
In the whole world.  The tempest’s mocking elf
Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf
  He strikes on, only when the timbers start.

Not see? because of night perhaps?—­why, day
  Came back again for that! before it left,
  The dying sunset kindled thro’ a cleft: 
The hills, like giants at a hunting, lay, 190
Chin upon hand, to see the game at bay,
  “Now stab and end the creature—­to the heft!”

Not hear? when noise was everywhere! it tolled
  Increasing like a bell.  Names in my ears,
  Of all the lost adventurers my peers,—­
How such a one was strong, and such was bold,
And such was fortunate, yet each of old
  Lost, lost! one moment knelled the woe of years.

There they stood, ranged along the hillsides, met
  To view the last of me, a living frame 200
  For one more picture! in a sheet of flame
I saw them and I knew them all.  And yet
Dauntless the slug-horn to my lips I set,
  And blew. “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower came.

* * * *

CALIBAN UPON SETEBOS;

NATURAL THEOLOGY IN THE ISLAND

AN EPISTLE >

Ruby on Rails